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Engineers at EPFL have devised an apparatus proficient in transmuting heat into electrical voltage with remarkable efficiency at temperatures even more frigid than those encountered in the cosmos. This innovation holds the potential to profoundly advance quantum computing technologies by surmounting a critical hurdle.
Quantum computations necessitate the cooling of quantum bits (qubits) to temperatures in the millikelvin range (proximate to -273 degrees Celsius) to attenuate atomic motion and minimize interference. However, the electronics employed to regulate these quantum circuits generate heat, which is arduous to dissipate at such low temperatures. examined, extant technologies predominantly isolate the quantum circuits from their electronic constituents, resulting in noise and inefficiencies that obstruct the development of expansive quantum systems beyond laboratory confines.
Researchers at EPFL's Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures (LANES), under the guidance of Andras Kis in the School of Engineering, have now contrived a device that not only functions at extremely low temperatures but also achieves efficiency on par with contemporary technologies at ambient temperatures .
“We are the pioneers in creating a device that mirrors the conversion efficiency of current technologies but operates at the low magnetic fields and ultra-low temperatures requisite for quantum systems. This work is genuinely a leap forward,” states LANES PhD candidate Gabriele Pasquale.
The pioneering device amalgamates the superb electrical conductivity of graphene with the semiconductor properties of indium selenide. Merely a few atoms thick, it functions as a two-dimensional entity, and this novel amalgamation of materials and structure engenders its unparalleled performance. The accomplishment has been documented in Nature Nanotechnology.
Exploiting the Nernst Effect
The device harnesses the Nernst effect: an intricate thermoelectric phenomenon that engenders an electrical voltage when a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to an object with a varying temperature. The two-dimensional nature of the laboratory's device permits the efficiency of this mechanism to be modulated electrically .
The 2D structure was fabricated at the EPFL Center for MicroNanoTechnology and the LANES laboratory. Experiments entailed utilizing a laser as a heat source and a specialized dilution refrigerator to achieve 100 millikelvin – a temperature even colder than outer space. Converting heat to voltage at such low temperatures is typically exceedingly challenging, but the novel device and its exploitation of the Nernst effect make this feasible, addressing a crucial void in quantum technology.
“If you envision a laptop in a chilly office, the laptop will still generate heat as it operates, causing the temperature of the room to rise as well. In quantum computing systems, there is currently no mechanism to prevent this heat from perturbing the qubits Our device could provide this essential cooling,” Pasquale elucidates.
This article was originally published on mastaronly. Read the original article.
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